Natural GMOs in the genus <i>Nicotiana</i> L.

Soil bacteria Agrobacterium are able to transfer fragments of their plasmids, so-called T-DNA, into plants. T-DNA integrated plants genome is called cellular (cT-DNA) [1]. Plants transformed in nature considered natural genetically modified organisms (nGMOs). For the first time, nGMOs were described within genus Nicotiana. To date, more than 50 nGM species known [2, 3], among which nGMO Nicotiana most well studied. Within this 3 subgenera distinguished, those Tabacum, Petunioides, and Rustica. CT-DNAs representatives subgenus Tabacum studied detail [4, 5]. We know how many cT-DNA carry as composition cT-DNA, allows us propose scenarios for acquisition by these during evolution. Species N. noctiflora glauca belong Petunioides they not so sequenced assembled genomes glauca, analyze cT-DNAs. In we confirmed presence one gT, discovered 1983, showed no other inserts. 2 cT-DNAs different found, NnT-DNA1 NnT-DNA2. The data suggest a single agrotransformation act evolution while was several times. Further study belonging evolutionary branches will help clarify history addition, identification changes that have occurred since its entry plant elucidate processes occur with transgenes over long time intervals.
 work supported Russian Science Foundation (21-14-00050) conducted using equipment Research Center St. Petersburg State University BioBank. authors grateful professor Leon Otten, Pavel Dobrynin, Dmitry Polev, Nikolai Ivanov, Nicholas Sierro.